I am currently reading a book about Galileo Galilei entitled Galileo's Daughter. It is an historical memoir based on the surviving letters his cloistered daughter wrote to him over the course of about 20 years, and on accounts and records of his most fascinating and still important scientific discoveries. The chapter I began reading last night was about his 1633 trial at the Vatican. He had been summoned to appear before the Holy Office of Inquisition, accused of heresy for writing a book that gave credence to the Copernician belief that the Earth moves around the sun. Galileo was convicted and spent his last 10 years of life under house arrest in Rome.
By a strange coincidence, today's Writer's Almanac on NPR featured this very event in Galileo's life, it being April 12, 1633 that he was defending his scientific beliefs before the Church!
I would highly recommend this book by Dava Sobel - it has much historical detail woven into a lovely story of the scientist who was also a father, a friend and a devoted Catholic.
